by Kai Höfig
Abstract:
Embedded real-time systems are growing in complexity, which goes far beyond simplistic closed-loop functionality. Current approaches for worst-case execution time (WCET) analysis are used to verify the deadlines of such systems. These approaches calculate or measure the WCET as a single value that is expected as an upper bound for a system’s execution time. Overestimations are taken into account to make this upper bound a safe bound, but modern processor architectures expand those overestimations into unrealistic areas. Therefore, we present in this paper how of safety analysis model probabilities can be combined with elements of system development models to calculate a probabilistic WCET. This approach can be applied to systems that use mechanisms belonging to the area of fault tolerance, since such mechanisms are usually quantified using safety analyses to certify the system as being highly reliable or safe. A tool prototype implementing this approach is also presented which provides reliable safe upper bounds by performing a static WCET analysis and which overcomes the frequently encountered problem of dependence structures by using a fault injection approach.
Reference:
K. Höfig, "Failure-Dependent Timing Analysis - A New Methodology for Probabilistic Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis", in Measurement, Modelling, and Evaluation of Computing Systems and Dependability and Fault Tolerance, J. Schmitt, Ed., Berlin / Heidelberg: Springer, 2012, pp. 61-75.
Bibtex Entry:
@INCOLLECTION{Hoefig2012,
author = {Höfig, Kai},
title = {Failure-Dependent Timing Analysis - A New Methodology for Probabilistic
Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis},
booktitle = {Measurement, Modelling, and Evaluation of Computing Systems and Dependability
and Fault Tolerance},
publisher = {Springer},
year = {2012},
editor = {Schmitt, Jens},
volume = {7201},
series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
pages = {61-75},
address = {Berlin / Heidelberg},
abstract = {Embedded real-time systems are growing in complexity, which goes far
beyond simplistic closed-loop functionality. Current approaches for
worst-case execution time (WCET) analysis are used to verify the
deadlines of such systems. These approaches calculate or measure
the WCET as a single value that is expected as an upper bound for
a system’s execution time. Overestimations are taken into account
to make this upper bound a safe bound, but modern processor architectures
expand those overestimations into unrealistic areas. Therefore, we
present in this paper how of safety analysis model probabilities
can be combined with elements of system development models to calculate
a probabilistic WCET. This approach can be applied to systems that
use mechanisms belonging to the area of fault tolerance, since such
mechanisms are usually quantified using safety analyses to certify
the system as being highly reliable or safe. A tool prototype implementing
this approach is also presented which provides reliable safe upper
bounds by performing a static WCET analysis and which overcomes the
frequently encountered problem of dependence structures by using
a fault injection approach.},
affiliation = {AG Software Engineering: Dependability, University of Kaiserslautern,
Kaiserslautern, Germany},
doi = {10.1007/978-3-642-28540-0_5},
isbn = {978-3-642-28539-4},
keyword = {Computer Science}
}